However, AD prevention requires improved understanding of the pre-clinical phase of AD 27. Therefore, a more promising approach, at least in theory, is to prevent such changes. These findings suggest that MRI measures of resting state functional connectivity may be a more sensitive modality than structural imaging for detection of brain changes in pre-clinical AD.ĪD dementia symptoms appear only after massive, evidently irreversible brain changes. Conjunction of such functional and biological changes appears to extend throughout the development of AD from its pre-clinical to its dementia stages 24. Functional brain alterations revealed by MRI measures of resting state connectivity (rs-fMRI) become detectable almost synchronously with Aβ and tau measured by positron emission tomography (PET) and are therefore evident several years before atrophy can be detected by structural MRI 25, 26. Typically, this sequence begins with the accumulation of cerebral beta-amyloid (Aβ), followed by the deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau (neurofibrillary tangles), metabolic brain alterations, and other evidence of neurodegeneration that precede cognitive and functional symptoms 22, 24.
Prior work has shown that brain changes characteristic of an AD process can be demonstrated two or three decades before symptom onset 22, 23. The dementia of AD is characterized by progressive cognitive decline that becomes sufficient to impair activities of daily living 21. It is currently unknown, however, whether accelerated brain aging precedes evidence of cognitive decline, and whether it can be detected in the pre-clinical phase of AD. Such inter-individual differences between predicted biological and chronological age have been studied in relation to lifestyle variables 16, 17, 18, 19 and to genetic determinants 14, 17, 20. Similar phenomena are already apparent in others who have mild cognitive impairment (MCI) that progresses to dementia 12, 15. As an example, brain age predictive models using data from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have shown accelerated biological aging in individuals who develop AD dementia 11, 12, 13, 14. We investigated whether predicted brain age may be a relevant biomarker of neurodegenerative disease 2, inasmuch as disease may cause deviations from normal aging trajectories, and the factors that influence these deviations may be studied. Recent availability of large-scale neuroimaging datasets has facilitated the application of machine learning techniques and enabled development of models that can predict behavior and characteristics of brain structure and function known to change with age 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. However, increasing evidence suggests that neural systems vulnerable to age are also vulnerable to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases 1. It is not fully understood how neurodegenerative diseases affect brain regions and networks that are also affected by normal aging. The brain shows major changes over the course of aging. Nature Communications volume 12, Article number: 5346 ( 2021) Pre-symptomatic Evaluation of Experimental or Novel Treatments for Alzheimer’s Disease (PREVENT-AD) Research Group.Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) Study Group &.Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI),.Both parts are playable on one 4 1⁄2 octave marimba, or on other mallet instruments.Accelerated functional brain aging in pre-clinical familial Alzheimer’s disease The lilting melodies of these two well known waltzes by the “Waltz King” are beautifully presented in this arrangement for two mallet players.
(Tales from the Vienna Woods & On the Beautiful Blue Danube) Not your usual Church Arrangements!!!! Thanks to Jim Sewrey’s Project Create Ensemble for the recordings. While you are checking out the website, go to Percussion Ensembles and listen to the newly posted recording of David Mancini’s Sacred Percussion Ensembles: Praise to the Lord/Amazing Grace, Swing Low, Sweet Chariot, Just a Closer Walk With Thee and Feel the Spirit. Thanks to Mel and Andy for doing the video. Go to Percussion Ensembles/Mallet Duets to see the new video of duo Anime from Cleveland, Ohio performing The Galloping Comedians.